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LiCs2PO4,a new deep‐ultraviolet(UV)transparent material,was synthesized by the flux method.The material contains unusual edge‐sharing LiO4‐PO4 tetrahedra.It exhibits a very short absorption edge of λ = 174 nm,and generates the largest powder second harmonic generation(SHG)response for deep‐UV phosphates that do not contain additional anionic groups,i.e.,2.6 times that of KH2PO4(KDP).First‐principles electronic structure analyses confirm the experimental results and suggest that the strong SHG response may originate from the aligned non‐bonding O‐2p orbitals.The discovery and characterization of LiCs2PO4 provides a new insight into the structure‐property relationships of phosphate‐based nonlinear optical materials with large SHG responses and short absorption edges.