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Gene therapy is an attractive alternative to realize rapid endothelialization of artificial vascular grafts in current clinical treatments of coronary bypass surgery.Polyethyleneimine (PEI),as nonviral gene carrier,has been widely used to deliver plasmid DNA or siRNA,reaching transfection efficiencies similar to viral vectors1.It is commonly believed that PEI with high molecular weight has perfect transfection efficiencies but increased cytotoxicity2,while low molecular weight PEI has been demonstrated a low toxicity3 but its transfection efficiencies need to improve.