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复制是作品得以传播和利用的重要途径之一,也是作者和其他版权持有人实现其与作品传播相关经济权利的重要方式。作为履行文献信息采集、加工、存储和传播职能的社会公益性文化服务机构,图书馆的复制行为对满足社会文化信息需求、维持版权人私权与公共利益之间的平衡发挥着重要作用。为保证图书馆履行这一公共职能,法律应当对其实施的复制行为规定某种程度的豁免权利。本文从历史的角度,简要回顾了20世纪初以来美国有关图书馆复制权的民间协议和立法演变过程,并对现行美国版权法第108节有关图书馆复制权的例外规定作了分析和介绍。
Reproduction is one of the important ways in which work is disseminated and utilized. It is also an important way for authors and other copyright holders to realize their economic rights related to the dissemination of works. As a public welfare cultural service institution that performs the functions of collecting, processing, storing and disseminating documents and information, the reproduction of libraries plays an important role in meeting the needs of social and cultural information and maintaining the balance between the private rights of copyright holders and the public interest. In order to ensure that the library performs this public function, the law should provide for some degree of immunity from the act of copying it. From a historical point of view, this article briefly reviews the progress of the non-governmental agreement on the reproduction rights of libraries in the United States since the early 20th century and the evolution of the legislation. It also analyzes and introduces the existing provisions of section 108 of the United States Copyright Law on the reproduction rights of libraries.