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Open windows of buildings and enclosures are often the weak link in the chain of sound insulation.This paper reviews the existing research on sound transmission control through open windows first,and then introduces analytical models for calculating the sound transmission loss from a baffled rectangular aperture in free space and the sound radiation from or transmission into an enclosure based on the modal expansion approach.Active control can be applied for sound transmission control through windows to allow nature ventilation,on which recent advances in 8 countries and areas in the last 5 years are summarised and compared.Finally the limitations of current research,implementation issues and future directions are discussed.