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Since the discovery of HIV,the causative agent of AIDS,important advances in this field have been made:prevention of the transmission of the agent by blood transfusion and blood products-thanks to reliable tests of HIV infection-implementation of rational prevention measures against the transmission by sexual contacts and drug abuse.And,since 1996,clinical use of a combination of specific inhibitors active on the virus multiplication,reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.The advent of this triple therapy has changed the status of HIV infection from a deadly disease into a more chronic disease,decreasing by 90 % the risk of death by opportunistic infections and cancers.