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Xylariaceae fungi have been well known for their efficient production of a wide range of bioactive natural product.Of them,the newly erected genus Muscodor,attracts an increasing attention due to its unique biological functions.Many Muscodor species,are recently recorded as obligatory plant endophytes in China.Molecular phylogeny supports the description of a novel species-M.fengyangensis,and also it indicates that most Chinese Muscodor species are positioned as the basal branch in phylogenetic trees,suggesting the remaining ones may evolve from these putative ancestors.Muscodor spp.are able to produce an array of volatile small molecules that could inhibit or even kill most pathogens,which shows great promise towards commercialization of Muscodor products in control of fruit postharvest diseases and soil-borne pathogen management.