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To understand how microbial communities and functional genes respond to arsenic contamination in the rhizosphere of Pteris vittata and in an arsenic contaminated soil from the surface to 4 m depth underground，surface soils and the 4 soil samples underground (1-4 m) were collected and investigated by Biolog，geochemical and functional gene microarray (GeoChip 3.0) analyses. Biolog analysis revealed that the uncontaminated soil harbored the greatest diversity of sole carbon utilization ability，and that arsenic-contamination decreased the metabolic diversity，while rhizosphere soils had higher metabolic diversities than the non-rhizosphere soils. GeoChip 3.0 analysis showed low proportions of overlapped genes across the five soil samples (16.52% - 45.75%).