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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach of about half of the world population.The colonized individuals may develop gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric cancer or Mucosa Associated Limphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma,although the majority remains asymptomatic.For the eradication of H.pylori a triple therapy is commonly used,which applies two antibiotics,usually amoxicillin and clarithromycin,and a proton pomp inhibitor (PPI) during seven days.Antibiotic therapy fails in about 20% of the patients,mainly due to antibiotic resistance.The problem of antibiotic resistance is transversal to all bacteria,and besides the need to develop new antibiotics,some studies start to look for new approaches of treatment,sometimes in addition to antibiotics.Bacteriophage therapy consists in the introduction of bacteriophages to treat infectious diseases and was developed in the pre-antibiotic era,mainly in East Europe and ex-Soviet Union.Although,the development of antibiotics holds back this research field,at present,with the emergence of antibiotic resistance,this old idea is coming back.The discovery of antibiotics has led to the assumption that the infectious diseases could be controlled.Bacteria are sophisticated cells that are present in the world for 3.5 billion years and rapidly (brief period of 50 years) developed several antibiotic resistance mechanisms,bringing back the classic problem of infectious diseases treatment.