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Manufactured nanoparticles are currently used for many fields.However, their potential toxicity provides a growing concern for human health.Previously, we prepared novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs),which could remove heavy metal ions and cationic dyes from aqueous solution.To understand its biocompatibility,we investigated its effect on the function of vascular endothelial cells (VECs).The MNPs could be taken up by VECs and inhibit cell proliferation.An increase in nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity were induced, companied with the decrease in caveolin-1.The endothelium in the aortic root was damaged and the NO level in serum was elevated after treated mice with 20 mg/kg nanoparticles for 3 days.Meanwhile, an increaseed eNOS activity and decreased caveolin-1 level were induced in the endothelium.The data suggested that the high concentration of MNPs could inhibit VEC proliferation through elevation of the eNOS activity and NO production and thus present toxicity.