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Introduction Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland that is usually caused by a microbial infection, and it is recognized as the most costly infectious disease of dairy cattle in the world.Tissue damage during mastitis can initially be caused by bacteria, followed by an influx of immune cells, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophage, into the mammary gland.Fibroblasts are predominant components of mammary stromal cells and play crucial roles in the development and involution of bovine mammary gland, yet whether if these cells mediate the process of mastitis has not been demonstrated.