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RNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology for conducting functional genomic studies and a potential tool for crop protection against insect pests.Development of reliable methods for production and delivery of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) is the major challenge for efficient pest control.In this research,Chilo infuscatellus Snellen was fed CiHR3 dsRNA expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro.The dsRNA absorbed by Chilo infuscatellus Snellen successfully triggered silencing of the molt-regulating transcription factor CiHR3,an important gene for insect growth and development,caused significant abnormal and weight loss in one week.This study is a good example of feeding-based RNAi mediated by dsRNA expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro.The results also suggested that feeding-based RNA interference is a potential method for the management of Chilo infuscatellus Snellen.Function study of genes related to insect molting is not only helpful in understanding the insect molting mechanism,but also helpful in screening out new biological control targets.