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The essential oils from Rimulus cinnamon(EORC)has antiinflammation activities,but the EORC on endotoxin poisoning mice remains to be explored,the mechanism is still unclear.The present work was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of EORC on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endotoxin poisoning mice.Pre-treatment with EORC decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(Interleukin-1β,Interleukin-18,Interleukin-5,and Interferon-γ)and chemokines(Monocyte chemotactic protein-1,Macrophage colony-stimulating factor,and Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β)in serum of endotoxin poisoning mice.The histopathological study showed that the lung injury was improved,and EORC decreased the numbers of neutrophils and Nitric oxide(NO)level in lung.EORC could reduce the NLR family,pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3),Interleukin(IL)-1β,and nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)mRNA expression.In addition,EORC decreased the protein expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1(p20),Pro-IL-1β,and purinergic P2X7 receptor(P2X7R)in the lung tissues.These results indicated that the EORC has protective effects on LPS-induced endotoxin poisoning mice via inhibiting the activation of P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome.