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Background: Anemia secondary to iron deficiency is common in patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) but it is unclear if oral supplementation is as effective as intravenous (Ⅳ) supplementation in re-establishing iron stores.The purpose of this study was to determine if oral Heme Iron Polypeptide (HIP) is as effective as Ⅳ iron sucrose in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia for patients with ND-CKD.Methods: Forty ND-CKD patients were randomized; 18 to HIP 11 mg orally 3 times per day and 22 to Ⅳ iron sucrose 200 mg monthly for 6 months.Baseline clinical and laboratory data were collected for all patients.The primary and secondary outcomes for the study were hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration and iron indices [ferritin and percentage transferrin saturation (TSAT)] at the end of 6 months respectively.Adverse events were also compared.Results: The baseline demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar for the two groups.After 6 months of treatment, Hb in the HIP group was 117 g/L and 113 g/L in the Ⅳ sucrose group (p =0.37).The TSAT at 6 months was not different between the two groups {p =0.82}but the serum ferritin was significantly higher in the Ⅳ iron sucrose group {85.5 ug/L in HIP and 244 ug/L; p =0.004}.Overall adverse events were not different between the groups.Conclusion: HIP is similar in efficacy to Ⅳ iron sucrose in maintaining hemoglobin in ND-CKD patients with no differences in adverse events over 6 months.It is unclear if the greater ferritin values in the Ⅳ iron sucrose group are clinically significant.