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Objective To study the effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats, and clarify changes of glucose and insulin reactivity of the animals after DJB surgery.Methods The wistar diabetic rats were induced successfully by feeding high-fat, high-sugar diet and injecting low-dose streptozotocin (STZ).The rats were randomly divided into DJB operation group (D), Metformin treat group (M) and sham operation group(S), 8 rats in each group.The fasting blood glucose was measured by Onetouch glucose meter.The fasting insulin in the plasma was detected by ELISA kit from D&R Company before DJB operation and 8 weeks after DJB operation.Meanwhile, insulin resistance index and sensitivity index before DJB operation and 8 weeks after DJB operation were calculated.Results 1.The fasting blood glucose of group D decreased significantly from 19.53±3.45 mM to 5.15±0.67mM(P<0.01) measured by glucose meter at 8 weeks after DJB surgery compared to before surgery, and the fasting insulin decreased significantly from 8.61±0.7mIU/L to 3.1±0.61mIU/L (P<0.01) detected by ELISA kit.Insulin resistance index decreased from 7.68±1.64 to 0.72±0.06 (P<0.001) and the insulin sensitivity index increased from 0.0063±0.0019 to 0.0625±0.0059 (P<0.001) calculated by the formula.2.Group M fasting glucose decreased from 18.63±1.32 mM to 5.36±2.06 mM (P<0.01) measured by glucose meter at 8 weeks after metformin treatment compared to T2DM control animals.The fasting insulin decreased from 7.79±1.27mIU/L to 3.20±0.46mIU/L (P<0.01) detected by ELISA at the same period.The insulin resistance index decreased from 7.00±0.54 to 0.71±0.07 (P<0.001) and the insulin sensitivity index increased significantly from 0.0064±0.0051 to 0.0637±0.007 (P<0.001).3.In Group S, the fasting glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistant has no difference before and after surgery (P> 0.05).4.The fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistant index and insulin sensitivity index of group D and M were significantly different from group S.Conclusion The DJB operation decreased FG by lower insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats, and DJB surgery has significant effect in T2DM treatment similar to metformin treat.