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To dig up damage information is the key goal of SHM system.Also, it has always been one of the challenges of SHM for civil infrastructures owning to their extreme individuality of structural performance, causing ambiguousness of damage detection and reasonable definition.As such, straight accurate measurement is most significant to well understand the damage situation of structural behavior.This paper presents some up-to-date breakthroughs of large-scale structural damage monitoring sensors of large strain/crack, fatigue, prestress loss and scour, respectively utilizing cable sensors, smart block/parts and digital counter on DSP.Our cable sensors consist of optical fiber sensors (OFS) and coaxial cable sensors (CCS).Currently, on a single OFS can integrate local strain measurement with high accuracy at short gauge and global average strain at long gauge.Unfortunately, silicon-based OFS cannot tolerate large strain/crack of attribute used for effective health diagnosis and prognosis.Complementally, coaxial cable with capability of large strain but same working principles as OFS has been led into in SHM, and some newly progress has been made.Besides, a novel smart cable well adapted for field applications of prestress loss monitoring has also been developed.