Space flight condition is one of an adverse abiotic environment, which causes rearrangements in cellular organells and changed energetic metabolism of cells.
Under high-irradiance conditions, plants must efficiently protect photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) from damage.In this study, we demonstrate that the chloroplast protein HYPERSENSITIVE TO HIGH LIGHT1 (HHL1) is exp
Pollen tube and root hair have been well-studied as the single-cell-type model for understanding the molecular processes in plant cell polar growth, Here we show that fern spores constitute a new sing