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Objective: The use of fast-track general anesthesia in patients undergoing nonrobotically assisted and totally thoracoscoptc cardiac surgeries has not been previously reported previously.Design: A prospective clinical study.Setting: A university hospital.Participants: Ninety-six patients (41 males; mean age, 13.2 ± 62 years; range, 5-47 years).Intervention: Nonrobotically assisted totally thoraco-scopic surgeries were performed for atrial (n = 58) or ventricular septal defect (n = 32), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 2), left atrial myxoma (n = 3), and pulmonary valve stenosis (n = 1). Fast-track general anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propofol. Fentanyl, and vecuronium and was maintained with remifentanil and sevoflurane. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established peripherally through the femoral vein and artery.Measurements and Main Results: All surgeries were suc-cessful. There were no perioperative mortality or major com-plications. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and aorticcross-damp times were 42 ± 21 minutes and 33 ± 8 minutes, respectively. In 82 cases, the heart regained beats automati-cally after the release of the aortic cross-clamp, whereas in 14 patients external defibrillation was required. Extubation was conducted in 32 patients (33.3％) in the operating room 15 minutes after the operation. The mean times of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were 1.5 ± 0.2 hours and 20.1 ±1.2 hours, respectively.Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary bypass for totally thoraco-scopic cardiac surgery can be established through the fem-oral artery and femoral vein. With fast-track anesthesia, early extubation in the operating room can be achieved in more than one third of patients.Crown Copyright & 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.