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The International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008, which was co-sponsored by ICSU and WMO, was the largest coordinated research program in the Earths polar regions, since its predecessor, the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958).An estimated 50,000 scientific and support personnel from more than 60 nations were involved in the 170 international IPY science and 58 outreach projects, and in related national efforts.IPY generated intensive research and observations in a large range of disciplines in the Arctic and Antarctica over a two-year period, 1 March 2007-1 March 2009, with many activities continuing beyond that date.The IPY 2007-2008 science program was developed via a bottom-up planning process (2003-2006) as an inter-disciplinary framework driven by six overarching themes: Status,Change, Global Linkages, New Frontiers, Vantage Points and Human Dimension.The outcome of this was a much broader range of participants and activities than any earlier IPY.This presentation will briefly review the planning and implementation of IPY 2007-2008, provide examples of some of its scientific achievements (which are continuing) and emphasise the lasting legacy of integrative and trans-disciplinary scientific and organizational models from IPY, that provide a blueprint for continuing research and observations into the rapid environmental change that is occurring across the polar regions.