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Neural circuits associated with response conflict are active during deception [1-3].Here we use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine for the first time whether the conflict between competing responses in primary motor cortex (M1) can be used to detect lies.Participants pressed buttons with their little finger or thumb to respond either truthfully or deceitfully regarding their familiarity with a series of faces.Motor-evoked-potentials (MEPs) were recorded during response preparation from muscles associated with both digits, in order to measure the development of each motor plan [4].We show that when preparing to engage in deception, the MEP of the non-responding digit (i.e.the plan corresponding to the truth) is greater than the MEP of the responding digit (i.e.the lie), whereas a mirror-reversed pattern is observed when telling the truth.This giveaway response conflict interacts with the time of stimulation, but only when pulses are administered during a speeded reaction period.Lies even activate the M1 hand representation when only verbal responses are made, so long as they have previously been associated with manual actions.Our findings support neurobiological models which blend cognitive decision-making operations with motor programming.They also have practical implications for interrogative polygraphy.References 1.Nunez, J.M., Casey, B., Egner, T., Hare, T., & Hirsch, J.(2005).Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control.NeuroImage.25, 267-277.2.Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L.E., Fissell, K., Carter, C.S., & Cohen, J.D.(1999).Conflict monitoring versus selectionfor-action in anterior cingulate cortex.Nature 402, 179-180.3.Schumacher, E.H., Seymour, T.L., & Schwarb, H.(2010).Brain activation evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task.Brain Res.1329, 113-123.4.Makris, S., Hadar, A.A., Yarrow, K.(2011).Viewing objects and planning actions: On the potentiation of grasping behaviours by visual objects.Brain Cog., 77, 257-264.