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A large number of genetic markers is currently available for associating disease phenotypes with marker genotypes.Many genome-wide association studies have been carried out to localize genetic risk factors for disease.Successful examples include age-related macular degeneration in Caucasian and Asian populations.For some traits, the existence of multiple genetic risk factors has been shown, which represents a challenge for statistical analysis.An additional difficulty are environmental risk factors such as eating habits and stressful like events.The relative influences of genetic and non-genetic risk factors for common traits will be discussed and it will be argued that non-genetic risk factors exert a much stronger influence than genes.