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New carbon based quantum dots have been discovered and investigated,such as nanodiamonds,graphene oxide(GOD),C-dots.[1] Compared to traditional semiconductor quantum dots,carbon based nanostructures(such as C-dots,carbon nanotubes and GOD)are superior in terms of robust chemical inertness,easy functionalization,high aqueous solubility,low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility due to no usage of heavy metals and small hydrophobic molecules.