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Temperature is sensed by a TRP family in animal cells, such as, TRPV 1 for heat, and TRPM8 for cold.The sensing mechanism for cold temperature, however, is still not clear in plant cells.Here, we cloned a QTL gene COLD1 ((C)HILLING-TOLERANCE DIVERGENCE 1) for chilling tolerance using genetic population of indica rice (93-11) with chilling sensitity and japoninca rice (Nipponbare) with chilling tolerance, and uncover COLD1-mediated chilling sensing pathway.