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Introduction: Adrenergic receptors (AR) play important roles in regulating lung function.However, there are few reports concerning AR expression and the protective effect of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) on the lung in chronic heart failure (CHF).In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of the ARB olmesartan on the lung in CHF.Materials and methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, sham-operated rats,rats with CHF induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary arteries, and rats with CHF treated with olmesartan (1 mg/kg) once daily for 8 weeks.Heart function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) levels, lung microscopic structure inspection and mRNAand protein expressions of α1A-, β1-and β2-AR in lung were tested.Results: Compared with the CHF sham group, PRA and Ang Ⅱ levels were decreased while heart function and mRNA and protein expression of α1A-AR, β1-AR and β2-AR were up-regulated in the olmesartan group (P<0.05 0r P<0.01).The inflammation and cell proliferation in CHF lung tissue were reduced in olmesartan group.Conclusion: Olmesartan may play a beneficial role in protecting lung in CHF by up-regulating AR and decreasing levels of PRA and Ang Ⅱ.