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Objective: To observe the mechanism of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in synovitis of CIA mice with electro-acupuncture(EA) and explroe the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture and A2AR.Method: C57BL/6 mice were used in this experiment to establishe the collegan-induced arthritis(CIA) model.After established the CIA model, 40 CIA mice were randomly separated into 4 groups:the CIA-Control group,the EA-Treated group, the EA plus SCH58261(A2AR antagonist) group and the SCH58261 group, there were 10 mices in each group,and choose 10 normal mices as the Sham-Control group in which mice subjected to an injection of 100 μ 1 of 0.01 M acetic acid instead.After 3 weeks of treatment,use immunohistochemical staint to detect the expression of A2AR inmice synovial, X-ray to observethe knee bone morphogenetic changes,ELISA to detecte the mice tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in serum HE staining and observe the pathological changes of mice knee joint tissue.Results:The expression of A2AR in mice synovial were significantly higher in CIA-Control grouop than that in Sham-Control group, in SCH58261 group and in EA plus SCH58261 group (P < 0.01).The expression of A2AR in EA-Treated group was obviously than that in CIA-Control group (P < 0.05).The EA-Treated group were significantly lower than the model group in the content of TNF-α,、 pathological score and X-ray score ,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01) ,The EA plus SCH58261 group and SCH58261 group mice were no significant difference in the above indexes compareed to model group (P > 0.05).Conclusion: (1) Electroacupuncture can Reduce inflammation and protect joints in CIA mice,it may relevant to the effection of A2AR.(2) The SCH58261 group and CIA-Control group mices were no significant difference,it prompts the antagonist itself does not aggravate or treat the arthritis of CIA.(3)A2AR antagonists can inhibit the function of A2AR to weake anti-inflammatory effects of EA, which may be one of mechanism in acupuncture treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.