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For some time now we have focused on the synthesis of new DNA or RNA analogues having modifications at phosphorus.These new derivatives have boranephosphonate,phosphono and thiophosphonoacetate,methylborane phosphine,boranephosphamidate,and metallophosphonate internucleotide linkages.These analogues are highly resistant toward nucleases and have various biological activities such as the stimulation of RNase H,antogomers towards microRNAs,and RNA interference activity.Many are taken up by cells in culture in the absence of lipid and can be shown to reside in certain intracellular locations.Others readily reduce various metals.The synthesis of these analogs and an outline of their biological and chemical properties will be discussed.