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Little is known about the role of the host defensive protein short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Here we report that SPLUNC1 plays a role at a very early stage of NPC carcinogenesis.SPLUNC 1 regulates NPC cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through miR-141, which in turn regulates PTEN and p27 expression.This signaling axis is negatively regulated by the EBV-coded gene LMP1.Therefore we propose that SPLUNC 1 suppresses NPC tumor formation and its inhibition by LMP1 provides a route for NPC tumorigenesis.