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OBJECTIVE Conventional assessment of developmental toxicity and teratotoxicity in mammalian models is laborious and time consuming.Since the early 1980s, alternative methods for assessing developmental toxicity have been developed, including in vitro cell differentiation assays using either primary cell cultures or immortalized cell lines, the in vitro rodent whole embryo culture test and the in vivo frog embryo teratogenesis assay (FETAX).In vitro tests have been of limited value in predicting the effect of drugs on human embryonic and fetal development.Disadvantages of the in vivo FETAX assay include that xenopus do not have a characterized chemical metabolic pathway and they are insensitive to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.New screening technologies is required to generate data directly for risk assessment or for prioritization of compounds for further testing in mammals.Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative vertebrate animal model for assessing toxicity and safty of compounds, in part due to its transpatency, rapid development, and simplicity of compound delivery.METHODS Zebrafish of the AB wild-type strain were reared under standard conditions.Larvae were collected from natural spawnings, staged according to established criteria.Seven known mammalian-teratogenic compounds were as follows: bisphenol A, ethanol, lead nitrate, lithium chloride, tobacco leachate, caffeine and sudan Ⅰ.Three mammalian non-teratotoxicity compounds were sucrose, saccharin and biotin.Zebrafish were exposed to three concentrations (LC10, MNLCand 1/2 MNLC) in each compound from 6 hpf to 120 hpf, 30 zebrafish wree treated with each concentration.After treatment, 10 zebrafish from each group were randomly selected and images were acquired using a dissecting stereomicroscope.We assessed the endpoints of evelopmental toxicity and teratotoxicity at 120 hpf.RESULTS All 7 known mammalian-teratogenic compounds induced evelopmental toxicity in zebrafish.The major teratotoxicity were pericardial edema, head malformation, liver morphology malformation, circulation malformation, liver tissue degeneration, swim bladder inflation.Three mammalian non-teratogenic compounds had no adverse effect on zebrafish.A 100% correlation between developmental toxicity and teratotoxicity observed in zebrafish and findings in mammalian models was found.The success rate of correct prediction was 100% (10/10), sensitivity 100% (7/7) and specificity 100% (3/3).Acording to ECVAM standard, this assay was viewed as excellent.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that zebrafish is a simple, reproducible, cost-efficient and highly predictive animal model for assessing compound-induced developmental toxicity and teratotoxicity.