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The Kashigar region is located in the far northwest of Taklimakan desert in China.Because of the extremely arid climate with little precipitation,water of rivers mainly comes from the melted glacier and snow,thus the volume of water is very unstable.Therefore,how to use the scarce water resource efficiently and properly have become the primary problem of local agriculture,as well as the construction of settlement.The morphology of settlements in this area,as a consequence,shows strong regional characteristic.By taking the villages in Kashigar region as an instance,this article analyzes the influence of water resource and water conservancy facilities on the morphology of settlement,and summarizes their basic spatial patterns.The main funding is that water shortage which caused by geographic and climate factors,by influencing human behavior,ultimately controls the morphology of setdements.Firstly,according to the topography,a grid irrigation channel and road system is applied.The system can not only improve the use efficiency of roads and channels,but also benefit the transportation and trip of the residents.Secondly,as the important node of the channels,the "Laoba" becomes the center of public life of the village.The impoundage of the "Laoba",together with the physical capacity of walking distance of human,controls the amount of population and spatial radius of the settlement.Finally,Sinkiang poplars alongside the channels and cisterns are intensively planted to reduce the water evaporation,stabilize the sandy soil on water bank,and form a comfortable microclimate in hot summer.While the straight and slender trunks of the trees can be used for house building.The space pattern mentioned above creates livable environment in villages of Kashigar region,and it shares enlightenment on planning and designing new villages in a more scientific way.