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Arginine kinase(AK)is a potential target of RNA interference(RNAi)for pest control due to its unique phosphotransferase involving in celluar energy metabolism in invertebrates.The dsRNAs of two fragments of AK cDNA of Plutella xylostella,one fragment of 318 bp covering the AK active motif CPTNLGT(AK1)and the other fragment of 339 bp without covering this motif(AK2),were synthesized in vitro and fed to the second-instar larvae of P.xylostella.The dsRNAs significantly impaired the survival,growth,fecundity and fertility of P.xylostella with AK1 dsRNA having a much stronger effect than AK2 dsRNA.And the expresion of AK mRNA was verified to be suppressed in the larvae.The transgenic Brassica parachinensis plants and the transgenic bacteria of Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis expressing AK dsRNA were also developed and all showed a similar effect on P.xylostella after they were fed to P.xylostella larvae.The results suggested that suppressing AK by RNAi be a new way for controlling P.xylostella and other inesect pests.