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While the adult human heart has very limited regenerative potential,the adult zebrafish heart can fully regenerate after 20% ventricular resection.Although previous reports suggest that developmental signaling pathways such as FGF,PDGF and RA are reused in adult heart regeneration,the underlying intracellular mechanisms remain unknown.Here we show that H2O2 acts as a novel epicardial and myocardial signal to prime the heart for regeneration in adult zebrafish.Live imaging of intact hearts revealed highly localized,Duox-generated H2O2(~30 μM)in the epicardium and adjacent compact myocardium at the resection site.