TEM observation of bubbles induced by single and sequential helium/hydrogen irradiations in tungsten

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  Bubbles induced by single-ion(He or H)and sequential-ion(H/He or He/H)irradiation in tungsten were investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Specimens were irradiated with 20 keV He+and 10 keV H+under three different dose at 600 °C.Bubbles become larger and number density increased quickly with increasing irradiation fluence under single He or H ion irradiation.Pre-implanted He+might impede the growth of hydrogen bubbles.The mean size of the bubbles induced by He/H ion irradiation is smaller than single He ion irradiation.It is also interesting that the number density of bubbles induced by He/H and H/He sequential-ion irradiation is much greater than that induced by single He or H irradiation at the same dose.Possible explanations were discussed in this paper.
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