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The effects of three kinds of particle size colloid nano-silica(CNS) with 30nm,60nm and 140nm on the rheological behaviour, hydration characteristics and microstructure of cement paste were investigated.The results revealed that cement paste workability was significantly decreased when CNS were added.The finer the particle size is, the lower the fluidity of the paste will be.Improvement in the compressive strength development of cementitious composites by CNS was observed.In addition, the TG/DSC results and XRD analysis show a reduction in the calcium hydroxide (CH) content in harden paste with CNS.This confirms the improvement of mechanical properties and the occurrence of the pozzolanic reaction.The CNS with a particle size with30nm was good for 3d or 7d strength and microstructure of cement hardened paste.CNS with particle size of 60nm was benefit not only for early age but also long age of the mechanical property of the harden paste, according to the different hydration rates.