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The development of the membrane technologies during the last years has reopened the debate around the pre-treatment systems for seawater desalination plants. Despite the fact that there is more experience behind the conventional pre-treatment systems than behind the membrane pre-treatment systems, it is noticed a tendency to consider the membrane technology as a preferred pretreatment system due to its evolution in terms of cost- competitiveness and reliability. This article presents a technical and economic updated revision of these two technologies of pretreatment, besides a critical analysis of its future perspectives based in a real case.