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This study aim to explore the relationship between p57kip2 gene expression and the onset of preeclampsia.Immunohistochemistry was used to study the localization of p57kip2 gene in the placenta; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study RNA expression of p57kip2 gene in 37 patients with severe preeclampsia, 22 cases of mild preeclampsia and 53 cases of normal placental tissue; Western blot was used to detect p57kip2 protein levels in 37 patients with severe preeclampsia, 22 with mild preeclampsia and 53 cases of normal pregnancy placenta.Immunohistochemistry result showed that p57kip2 gene was selectively expressed in placental trophoblast cells in the nucleus.RT-PCR and the Western blot results showed that the p57kip2 gene expression of mRNA and protein levels in patients with severe preeclampsia were lower than in patients with mild preeclampsia, suggesting that p57kip2 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.