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Objective Silent lacunar infarct (SLI) is a risk factor for dementia.This study investigated the white matter integrity abnormality and its relationship to the cognition impairments in SLI patients.Methods Between 27 patients with SLI in basal ganglia and 30 healthy controls, we assessed the difference in a batter of neuropsychological tests and in white matter integrity measurements, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity, using tract-based spatial statistics.