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The study explores how L2 learners of Chinese acquire phonetic or phonemic categories of stops,fricatives,and affricates that are phonemic or phonetic categories in their L1 English or do not exist in English.10 American learners of Chinese who have learned Chinese for one and a half years participated in this research project.21 obstruents’ errors are reported.The durations of the obstruents produced by learners are measured.The results indicate that pure transfer between phonemic category and phonetic category in L1 and L2 does not prevent L2 acquisition.However,if such transfer accompanying the feature assembling and other phonological effect,it prevents L2 acquisition.