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We investigated the ramification patterns of four subclavian branches (i.e., vertebral artery, intemal thoracic artery,thyrocervical trunk, and costocervical trunk) as the subclavian artery passes in front or behind the scalenus anterior muscle.The investigation was carried out on 56 cadavers (112 cases) during student dissection practice sessions at Osaka Dental University.In 110 of the 112 cases,the subclavian artery passed behind the scalenus anterior muscle.