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The reproduction and fertility study are important in wheat and high plant.The finding of the male sterile line lets the hexoploid hermaphrodite to be a gynodioecy species whereas female sterile line lets the gynodioecy become a dioecy species.In order to understand the genetic mechanism of the female sterility,Joint segregation analysis and QTL mapping by means of seed set ratio were adopted in this article.A F2 population derived from a typically hybrid cross between an elite variety and the female sterile line were planted at Huaian experimental station in 2004-2005.Joint segregation analysis of four generations of P1,F1,P2,and F2 was firstly carried out.The results showed that the female fertility can be explained by mixed two-major-genes plus polygenes inheritance.To further understand its molecular mechanism,then,QTL mapping was made based on the molecular marker data of F2 by using software Mapmaker 3.0 (EXP) and QTLnetwork2.0 on the principle of MCIM,The results showed that a major gene locus was found which was designated as tafs1,it was tightly linked with marker Xbarc95 on chromosome 2DS,its additive and dominant effects explained 25.53% genetic variation.Based on the preliminary results,it will play a good foundation for fine mapping and for the understanding genetic mechanism of female sterility in wheat.