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The history of study and mapping of one of the Earths regions-Far East-is viewed proceeding from the history of the formation and development of the world and Russian, social aspects of the history of cognition of Far East, of the history of geography and mapping, interaction between Russian and world science in the study of the Earths geographical area.The research of the generalization of historic-scientific material with the aim of re-creating the complete picture of geographic study and mapping of Far East in the period of ⅩⅥ-the beginning of ⅩⅩ has been done by the author.The periodization of the history of geographical study and mapping of Far East is grounded.The historical analysis of the development of problems and ideas in the geographical study and mapping of the far eastern region has been carried out by the author.The overestimation on the basis of new data of the well-known facts was done by the author with the aim of introducing substantial corrective amendments in the set impressions about the study of Far East.The historical analysis of the development of organizational forms of scientific activity is given in the research.The basic connections between the demands of practice and the development of geography, the interference of separate directions of geography and their interaction are examined.The scientific contribution of Russia and China to the study of Far East is investigated by the author.The approaches to the study of Far East by western and eastern European scientists are examined in the research.The historical analysis of the contribution of geographical schools and cartographical centres to the study of Far East is made in the research.The regional and complex approach to the study of the history of geography and cartography was used by the author with the investigation of the whole cycle of creating a geographical map: geographical, astronomicalgeodesic, topographical, cartographical works in combination with the profound study of political, military-strategical and economic conditions of the development of Far East.The carried out methodological work has enabled to investigate the history of Russian military geography, reveal its basic directions and tendencies of the development of ideas and methods; disclose geopolitical and military-strategical aspects of its practical activity, but, first of all it has given the opportunity to reveal the presence of the new scientific direction-strategical geography and mapping of the boundary area of the state.The research in archival funds has enabled to open many new documents and maps, look at well-known historical events in another way, establish the earlier unknown facts, rebuild the course of geographic and cartographic works and political-strategical importance of geographic and cartographic materials in a detailed way and reveal the priority of a large-scale Russian mapping in Far East.The carried out historiographic analysis has shown, that in all vast collection of literary works, dealing with the history of the geographical study of Far East, now there is no work, specially dedicated to the history of geographic study and mapping of eastern Asian boundary area.By studying the history of the colonization of Sibir and Far East, the author came to the understanding of geographical knowledge as a historical-cultural phenomenon, which is formed by culture medium as a result of human activity concerned with the geographical study and mapping of the Earths regions.Such an approach enabled to determine the laws and regularities of the development of far eastern boundary regions, investigate the factors of the formation of a boundary area, which has led to the creation of the concept of a multifactorial formation of a boundary area.Basing on the given concept, the analysis of the dynamics of processes and phenomena within the wide historical fiamework of national interests and system of boundary security was carried out.Geopolitical, economic, cultural, geographic, colonial and geoinformational factors, forming a boundary area were investigated in their complex interrelation.Strategical geography as a scientific direction is unique in its contribution to the world culture and should be regarded as a cultural phenomenon.Russian military geographers contributed greatly to the study of eastern outskirts of Russia, contiguous Asian countries and territories-Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, India, China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan.They were often the first specially prepared researchers, who visited remote little-known districts of Asia and represented priceless scientific data to the world public.The concept "strategical geography" is introduced by us.This is the existing potential of geographical and cartographical knowledge for carrying out scientific analysis and synthesis of the interrelations of nature, man and society as a mosaic unity of a boundary area.The novelty of a new conceptual approach to the analysis of history of a far eastern boundary area lies in the possibilities of finding out implicit, hidden, existing as steady, but not energetically powerful enough tendencies and regularities.The suggested concept of the research can be fully embodied only by a complex and system approach to the history of world colonial empires during several centuries.The concept makes it possible to reveal the historical pace of the development of a far eastern boundary area.The creation of a scientific directionstrategical geography and mapping of a boundary areawill allow it to increase the degree of scientific grounding of the theory and practice of defence and protection of a boundary area, insure the high scientific-theoretical level of research by orienting it at the development of new ideas, approaches, principles and methods in operative service activity of boundary forces.The special importance in the given context is acquired by the rational combination of the development of theoretical basis: revealing basic contradictions and finding out the laws and regularities of influencing geographical medium regarding the defence and protection of a state border and applied works: the definition of the ways to solve problems, development of the technology of making up maps of a special assignment, creation of the geoinformational system to provide the defence and protection of a boundary area.