基于立构复合结晶的高分子多层次聚集态结构与性能调控

来源 :泰山学术论坛——先进高分子材料专题暨青岛科技大学第五届先进高分子材料学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:sunsand
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  互为立体异构的结晶性高分子间可形成立构复合结晶,立构复合结晶是多组分高分子体系一种奇特的共结晶形式。与通常单组分的同质结晶相比,立构复合结晶可显著提高材料的熔点、耐热性等物理性能,所以立构复合结晶是调控材料性能的一种有效手段。左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)/右旋聚乳酸(PDLA)共混是最典型的立构复合结晶体系,其可显著提高聚乳酸(PLA)的耐热性能,但在高分子量PLLA/PDLA共混体系中,高熔点立构复合结晶较难形成,所以制备高分子量、高耐热PLA材料的关键是如何促进其立构复合结晶化、抑制其同质结晶化。在该研究中,发现采用立体嵌段共聚、相容性共混、链拓扑结构调控、异相诱导成核可促进高分子量PLA的立构复合结晶化,提高其立构复合结晶的结晶度,从而制备了具有高耐热性的PLA立构复合物材料,同时研究了其促进立构复合结晶形成的机理。进一步基于PLLA/PDLA之间的立构复合结晶,调控了含PLA的两亲性嵌段共聚物在水溶液中的胶束化与物理凝胶化。合成了含PLLA、PDLA、以及PLLA-b-PDLA立体嵌段的PLA/PEG嵌段共聚物,利用嵌段共聚物的溶液自组装制备了含不同PLA核层(如无定形、同质结晶、立构复合结晶核层)的胶束,基于同步辐射SAXS分析了胶束的精密结构,发现通过改变PLA核层的聚集态结构可调控胶束的核壳精密结构、降解性和载药性。同时利用PLLA与PDLA链段之间的立构复合结晶,制备了可原位凝胶化的PLA/PEG立构复合物理凝胶,通过改变立构复合结晶的程度可调控物理凝胶的桥联网络结构、凝胶-溶胶转变温度、机械力学性能等。
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动态硫化共混技术,是指将大量橡胶(>60%)与少量热塑性树脂(<40%)机械共混时,橡胶相同时发生化学交联,并被剪切破碎成大量的橡胶微粒,分散在少量呈连续相的热塑性塑料中的加工过程.采用该技术制备的热塑性弹性体(也称热塑性硫化橡胶TPV),可解决传统交联橡胶的回收和再利用问题.关键的科学问题和技术难点:如何在快速的机械共混过程中,同时实现橡塑两相的精细分散、橡胶相的高度交联及剪切破碎、橡塑两相相态