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Background Several studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with atherosclerosis, which results in a very high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, plaque characteristics of the culprit lesion in unstable angina (UA) patients with T2DM have not been reported in vivo, and the relationship between the .plaque and the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to these lesions are uncertain.The objective of the present study was to analyze the plaque composition and morphology in UA patients with T2DM using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination and the interaction between plaque morphology and outcomes of PCI in comparison with non-diabetes patients.