The central nervous system plays a critical role in energy homeostasis by monitoring changes in metabolic state and modulating energy intake and expenditure in response,including sensory physiology,fo
Both kinetic metabolic fluxes and expression of metabolic genes display robust circadian rhythms across all major metabolic tissues such as liver,pancreas,brain,heart,and muscle.
A variety of external stimuli and internal psychological states,collectively called stressors,activate the hypothalamic-pituitary stress axis to regulate physiology(e.g.cortisol release).
Damage to orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)produces an unusual pattern of deficits.Patients have intact cognitive abilities but are impaired in making everyday decisions.