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Background: In August 2010, lots of introduced black goats got the off and died in one village of Chongqing.Then, parts of goat farmers had rash, and probably suffer this disease.Because of less reports and uncertain transmission and pathogenesis, we conduct to evaluate the risk factors.Methods: Standardized case-definition (suspected patients: villagers who have rash, herpes or skin lesions since Aug30th, and were excluded of known diseases; confirmed patients: suspected ones with positive laboratory tests) for case-finding among all the villagers.We interviewed all patients with a questionnaire and collected the rash fluid for tests.We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation among the villagers who had introduced goats, to analyze the relevance between the infection and mode, frequency and protection of the contact with the infected goats.Results: We found 18 patients (16 suspected and 2 confirmed ones), all of whom were from 10 families that had introduced goats.Villagers who had used their legs to grip the goats were nearly five times as likely to develop off as those who hadnt (RR=4.98,95% CI: 1.34-75.27);Villagers who had washed and wiped the goats were three times as likely to develop orfas those who hadnt (RR=3.09, 95% CI: 0.98-45.38); The frequency of contact with the infected goats was associated with the risk of developing off in a dose-response fashion (x2 test for trends: P=0.006).Wearing long trousers when dealt with the goats was a protective factor (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.78).Conclusions: This outbreak was caused by the introduced black goats that were infected with off virus.Direct physical contact with infected goats and no protective clothing were risk factors for developing human off.