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Background Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and stroke,the leading causes of death worldwide,especially in developing countries.The susceptibility genes of hypertension have been being under exploration to identify the candidate determinants ofthe risk for hypertension.The human ADRB1,a member of the superfamily of cell surface receptors that carry out signaling via coupling to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (Grproteins),acts as the target for catecholamines in the SNS.The classic coupling pathways for ADRB 1 is via the stimulatory G protein (Gs).Arg389Gly polymorphic variation of ADRB 1 occurs at nucleotide 1165,resulting in either Gly or Arg being encoded at amino acid 389.This residue is located in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor,within a predicted α helix formed between the seventh transmembranespanning domain and the membraneanchoring palmitoylated cysteine,which is an important region for Gsprotein binding.And Gly is considered likely to disrupt the predicted αhelix.The β ladrenoceptor (ADRB1) gene Arg389Gly polymorphism is a key ceil surface signaling protein expressed in multiple organs and tissues including heart,kidney,brain and pineal gland,which mediates the actions of catecholamines in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).It is encoded by an intronless gene of 477 amino acids on chromosome 10q25.3 and it has been extensively studied as a candidate gene in essential hypertension (EH),but no consensus has been reached on the relationship between this polymorphism and EH risk.To systematically explore their possible association,a metaanalysis was conducted.