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The T-box transcription factor T-bet is a key regulator for the lineage commitment in CD4 Thl cells and CD8 T cells by activating the hallmark production of interferon-y, and its expression level is linked to autoimmune diseases.T-1993C and T-1514C polymorphisms in the TBX21 gene (encoding T-bet) promoter can affect transcription activity.We investigated the distributions of these functional polymorphisms in 84 adult patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1) and 318 healthy controls.Intracellular T-bet staining of polarized CD4 Thl cells from healthy controls corresponding to T-1993C genotypes were analyses by flow cytometry.The-1993C allele frequency was 3.0% in AIH-1 and 11.8% in controls (P =0.00025).Individuals carrying the-1993C allele had a decreased risk to AIH-1 compared with those without the-1993C allele (P =0.0016, OR =0.22, 95% CI, 0.09-0.56).No association was found between the T-1514C polymorphism and AIH-1.The onset age of AIH-1 was also accelerated among-1993TT homozygotic individuals (P =0.013).The fractions of T-bet positive Thl cells in the-1993 TT homozygotes was 2.2-fold higher than those in-1993CC homozygotes (P =0.002).Our results suggest that the T-1993C polymorphism in the TBX21 promoter influence susceptibility to AIH-1 in Chinese.