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In recent years we have employed time-resolved X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques to study structural dynamics of many molecular systems on the time scales from picoseconds (ps)to milliseconds.The systems studied thus far include diatomic molecules, haloalkanes,organometallic complexes and protein molecules.In this talk, I will present the application of picosecond time-resolved X-ray crystallography and liquidography (solution scattering) to the studies of reaction dynamics of proteins in single crystals and solutions.X-ray crystallography is a major structural tool to determine 3D structures of proteins and can be extended to time-resolved X-ray crystallography employing a scheme of laser excitation and X-ray probe,thereby keeping track of all the atomic positions of a protein during the process of its biological function.However, the application of time-resolved protein crystallography has been limited to a few model systems because preparation of highly-ordered and radiation-resistant single crystals is required and crystal packing constraints might hinder biologically relevant motions.