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Myelin is essential for the normal function of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and its destruction contributes to nerve degeneration in many demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis.Although myelination occurs primarily in early postnatal life,it can be reinitiated in adult CNS in response to injury.However,this myelin regenerative process is lim-ited in the context of chronic CNS diseases,largely due to failure of endogenous progenitors to differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes.As myelin promotes axonal survival,understanding signaling pathways required for successful remyelin-ation may lead to therapeutics that enhances myelin regeneration and functional recovery.This presentation will review our recent studies including the critical role of JAK/STAT3 in CNS remyelination and the development of a new neural aggregate culture system for screening small molecules that promote myelination.