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Carrageenan is a traditional ingredient that has been widely usedin the food industry.The aggravating effect of κ-carrageenan on2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced intestinal inflammationwas investigated in amouse model.Intragastric administration of κ-carrageenan to BALB/c mice prior to the induction of TNBS colitis resulted in an aggravation of body weight loss and a decrease in the survival ratio.Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the colonic inflammation was aggravated by the administration of κ-carrageenan.The ratio of CD4+CD25+CD127dim/CD4+ of the carrageenan+TNBS group was significantly lower than that of the TNBS group.The expression of critical inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly increased, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) significantly decreased in TNBS-induced inflammation after κ-carrageenan administration.κ-Carrageenan, together with TNBS,suppressed the expression of forkhead box (FOX) p3 and increased the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and Nuclear factor-KB (NF-κB) in the colonic mucosa of the experimental mice.Furthermore, we verified the result by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in molecular levels.In conclusion, κ-carrageenan aggravated TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in BALB/c mice.This effect is associated with anactivation of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, a decreased ratio of Treg cells, and the immunomodulator mechanism of carrageenan depending on T lymphocyte cytokine network switch Th2 type anti-inflammatory response toward to Thl type inflammatory response by elevation of IL-2 and reduction on IL-10 level.