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Background: Previous studies have shown that IL-16 is over-expressed in human and rat gliomas.Potential links between IL-16 polymorphisms and glioma risk are currently unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-16polymorphisms and glioma risk.Methods: We examined IL-16 gene polymorphisms (i.e.,rs4778889,rs 1 1556218,and rs4072111) in 216 patients with glioma and 275 controls in a Chinese population.Genotypes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay.Odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the effect of the IL-16 polymorphisms on glioma risk.Results: The rs 11556218TG genotype is associated with an increased risk of glioma compared with the TT genotype (OR =1.76;95% CI,1.22-2.54;P =0.002).Similarly,the rs11556218G allele is associated with an increased risk of glioma compared with the T allele (OR =1.41;95% CI,1.06-1.87;P =0.017).However,no significant association was observed between the IL-16 rs4778889 and rs4072111 polymorphisms and the risk of glioma.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the IL-16 rs11556218 polymorphism may be used as a susceptibility marker for glioma.