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Inflammatory mediators, many of which activate NFKB signaling, have received increasing attention in neurogenesis.NFKB signaling regulates neurite outgrowth and neural plasticity, as well as the proliferation/apoptosis and terminal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs).Here weshow that NFKB signaling is required for NSC initial differentiation.The canonical IKKβ/I Bα/p65 pathway is activated during the initial stages of neural differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.NSC-specific inhibition of NFKB in transgenic mice causes an accumulation of Nestin+/Sox2+/GFAP+ NSCs.